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  • Omicron: What do you need to know about the new variant?

    In late November, Omicron is a new SARs-Cov-2 variant, first identified in South Africa. WHO labeled it as a ‘varient of concern’ (VOC). A growing detected cases had been reported in countries including Hong Kong, Belgium, Israel, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Australia.

    Scientists suggest that this new Omicron variant can be more transmissible than the highly transmissible Delta virus. The variants of COVID are not unusual. The more the virus spreads more likely it is to mutate. Mutation arises when the virus multiplies after infecting a human host.

    What does WHO say on the Omicron variant?

    On November 26, 2021, WHO designated the Omicron variant or B.1.1.529 as a variant of concern. This decision was based on the evidence of several mutations that impact how it behaves. For example, how easily it spreads or the severity of illness, it can cause.

    Scientists in South Africa and other countries are conducting studies to understand many aspects of Omicron.

    Highly Transmissible

    It is still unclear whether the Omicron is more transmissible or not in compassion to other strains like the Delta. The number of infected people from this virus is rising in the areas of South Africa. But researches are in progress to find that it is because of the virus or other factors.

    Disease Severity

    It is not clear whether the infection from Omicron can cause severe diseases than the other variants. Some data suggest a massive increase in the number of hospitalizations in South Africa. Still, it is not clear that this is due to the increase in the infected people from previous strains or the specific Omicron variant.

    How can you indicate symptoms of the Omicron variant?

    According to some studies, symptoms of the Omicron are much similar to other strains of COVID. But this variant does not affect the smell or taste of the people like previous variants. Some common symptoms may include headache, fever, scratchy throat, congestion, runny nose, or body pain. 

    Specific studies are still going on every mutation of the Omicron variant.

    Omicron vs. Delta other strain of COVID-19

    Both Delta and Omicron are the variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. According to the studies, every time this virus enters a new host, it multiplies into millions. That allows it to mutate. When this happens occasionally, you get a new variant.

    Most variants are like dead-end mutations, which means they don’t end up doing much. But once it gets the series of mutations, the characteristics of the virus change.

    Some researches tell that Delta is twice more contagious than the previous strains of COVID. According to CDC, it can cause severe illnesses than the other previous variants to unvaccinated people.

    As per reports of WHO, the Omicron variant has a large number of mutations and seems more likely to infect people infected with COVID-19. It is still unclear whether the Omicron variant is contagious as Delta or even more.

    Effectiveness of SARS-Cov-2 infection

    Some primary evidence from WHO suggests that there can be a high risk of infection to the people who COVID-19 previously infected compared to other variants.

    Effectiveness of RT-PCR test

    The widely used test RT-PCR continues to detect the infection, including the infection from the Omicron like the other variants. According to WHO, Omicron is identified by a unique detection of the S gene, which makes it convenient to locate. So, the reliability of the RT-PCR test is much.

    Effectiveness of Vaccines

    Scientists are still working to understand the impact and potential of the Omicron virus on the existing countermeasures. Current vaccines reduce severe disease and deaths in the current variant and previous strains such as Delta.

    Which age group is at the high risk from the Omicron variant?

    From the current data and reports from South Africa, young children are at a high risk of infection. But the scientists have not confirmed the link between Omicron and the high admission of infants.

    South Africa’s National Institute for Communicable Disease report states that 52 infants under age 2 were among 452 COVID patients admitted till late November.

    How is the USA dealing with the Omicron variant?

    The omicron variant began to circulate in California, but even it reached the city yet. Omicron is the fourth variant to hit the USA after lota, alpha, and Delta. The country already witnessed the rising cases from the previous three variants this year.

    Each variant increased the concern of worry. But now, the covid virus is diminishing its threat after the first wave. This year saw fewer deaths and infections than the previous year. The USA owes a high rate of vaccination approx. 77% of every age group got vaccinated with at least one dose. Other factors like wearing masks, intense surveillance, international travel restrictions helped the USA protect itself from the virus.

    How is the world dealing with this menace?

    As you already know that the Omicron is more transmissible than other strains. So it is essential to take precautionary measures to protect from this new strain.

    • Get yourself vaccinated if you haven’t
    • limit your national and international travel plans
    • maintain social distancing
    • wear a mask when you go outside
    • Do not ignore any symptoms of illness
    • keep yourself and your surrounding hygenic

    All the countries worldwide are increasing their surveillance for the new strain. Many countries started imposing restrictions on international flights and advising to limit the travel plans. If traveling, they should take proper precautions and 14 days of isolation.

     

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

    What is ADHD?

    ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the ability to focus, pay attention, and control impulsive behavior. It can disrupt school, home, and relationships.

    It’s a mental disorder that affects about 5% of children and adolescents in the US. ADHD manifests as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is a common childhood disorder. Adolescents with ADHD are typically treated with medication and behavioral therapy, and Teenagers with ADHD may act impulsively, get distracted easily, and not pay attention. These bad habits can significantly affect their lives and those around them. ADHD is a disorder found in children as young as five. It’s essential to understand what ADHD is and how it can affect a teen.

    Types of ADHD

    ADHD is a mental condition that can make it hard to pay attention, stay on task, and act correctly. There are three main kinds of ADHD: inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and a mix of the two. Different people with ADHD have various symptoms, but most have trouble focusing, keeping their emotions in check, and staying on task. People with ADHD often have problems at school or work, which can be very frustrating. There is no one way to treat ADHD, but most people take medicine and go to therapy.

    Three types of ADHD:

    1. Impulsive-hyperactive type: Impulsive-hyperactive type (ADHD) is a behavior disorder marked by a lack of focus and activity. More boys than girls and more kids than adults have ADHD symptoms. People with ADHD can sometimes have trouble staying organized and on task, which means they may always be late and find it hard to sit still. A person with ADHD might also find it hard to remember things.
    2. Combined type: Having more than one type of ADHD is meant as a “combined type.” People have a 50 percent chance of having ADHD. Those with two classes have a 75 percent chance, and those with three categories have an 87.5 percent chance.
    3. Inattentive: Inattentive type is a subtype of ADD marked by a short attention span, difficulty focusing, and a short attention span. It is not the same as the hyperactive type or the combined type of ADD, marked by high levels of not paying attention and being too active.

    ADHD in Children

    ADHD is a mental disorder that can make it hard to pay attention, be hyperactive, and act on impulses. ADHD is one of the most experience of depression in children as per the National Institute of Mental Health. Most of the time, the signs show up in preschool and can last until the child is a teenager. ADHD is a disorder that lasts a person’s whole life, and the symptoms often stay with them into adulthood.

    This is a brain disorder that makes it hard for a child to focus and control their actions. It’s usually diagnosed in kids when their behavior causes problems at school or when their ADHD makes it hard for them to do well in school.

    Symptoms of ADHD in Children include:

    1. Difficulty focusing and paying attention
    2. Being easily distracted
    3. Having difficulty following directions
    4. Losing track of time
    5. Trouble completing tasks
    6. Failing to finish assignments
    7. Not listening to instructions

    ADHD Symptoms and treatment

    No one, not even your doctor, can tell for sure just by seeing if you have ADHD. This is because the signs of ADHD are different for each person. They can range from having trouble focusing to being hyperactive, impulsive, or not paying attention.

    ADHD can be diagnosed with the help of a trained mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, or clinical social worker. Factors that may contribute to ADHD include anxiety, stress, trauma, or inconsistent work schedules. Treatment for ADHD may include medications, psychotherapy, or a combination of the two.

    Several treatments are available for ADHD, including medication, behavioral therapy, and lifestyle changes.

    • Medication: Most of the time, stimulants like Ritalin or Adderall are used to treat ADHD. Dopamine levels in the brain are increased due to taking these drugs. They also lower the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. Norepinephrine and serotonin are chemicals that affect how we feel and how much energy we have. Some of the side effects of stimulant drugs include insomnia, stomachaches, nausea, headaches, and a loss of appetite. Some patients may become used to the medicine after using it for a long time.
    • Behavioral Therapy: In behavioral therapy, Children learn to control their feelings and actions. This treatment involves learning how to relax, deal with stress, and hold yourself. Most of the time, medication is used with behavioral therapy.
    • Lifestyle Changes: Some parents find that changing their child’s diet helps decrease the symptoms of ADHD. Children with ADHD often eat foods high in sugar and fat. Parents should avoid giving their children sugary snacks and fast food. Instead, they should give their children fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products.

    What can cause Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

    Although there isn’t one single cause of ADHD, researchers believe genetics play a role. Other factors include brain chemistry, environment, and nutrition.

    • Brain Chemistry: Researchers believe that certain chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters may affect how the brain works. The most commonly studied neurotransmitter is dopamine. Dopamine helps control movement, motivation, and pleasure. Researchers think that people who have ADHD might have too much dopamine in their brains. People with ADHD also tend to have lower levels of another chemical called norepinephrine.
    • Norepinephrine plays an integral part in regulating sleep cycles, alertness, and emotional responses.
    • Environment: Children whose mothers had higher lead levels during pregnancy were more likely to have ADHD than those whose mothers did not have elevated levels of information. People exposed to lead have had trouble controlling their impulses and focusing.
    • Nutrients: A study published in Pediatrics found that children who ate diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish) were less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. Omega-3s help regulate the activity of dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain.

    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

    Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disorder that is frequently associated with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and anxiety. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is another name for chronic fatigue syndrome. ADHD CFS is similar to chronic fatigue syndrome but with several typical symptoms of ADHD. ADHD CFS is a poorly understood condition and controversial.

    The prevalence of ADHD is estimated to be between 2-6% in the United States, with a ratio of approximately 1:9 for girls and 1:10 for boys. ADHD is often associated with chronic fatigue syndrome or CFS, and a new study by the National Sleep Foundation found that those with ADHD are more likely to be tired.

    Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a complex illness that causes debilitating fatigue, often accompanied by cognitive impairments.

    Both conditions affect children and adults. The symptoms of ADHD include difficulty focusing, paying attention, being organized, completing tasks, controlling impulses, and following directions. CFS symptoms include extreme tiredness, muscle aches, joint pain, headaches, trouble sleeping, and problems concentrating.